Great Theorists of Human Resouces Managemant

Robert Owen was a very successful British entrepreneur in the early 19th century.He was one of the very few who thought broadly on the significance of human resources. Robert believed that the working environment has a direct impact  with the performances of the workers.He proposed the legal reforms in order to implement the structured working hours .Further he was against the use of child labor then mostly used.He tried to enhance the conditions of the life style of the workers by introducing better houses, sanitation, schools etc.Never the less he recommended to get use of ''silent monitor '' to rate the workers on daily basis.  

Charles Bababge (1792-1871)
Professor in mathematics and widely known as the father of modern computing.He advocated the concept of division of labor .He was impressed by the idea of work specialization or the degree to which work is divided in to various tasks.
Profit sharing plans among the employees based on their contribution towards the growth of the factory.

Fredric Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) ―Father of Scientific Management‖ suggested using scientific methods to determine how a task should be done instead of depending on the previous experiences of the concerned worker. Taylor emphasizes on training the employees to perform a particular job. Established harmonious relations between management and workers so that the job is performed in the desired way. The major two managerial practices emerged were 1. Piece-rate incentive system. Under this system, a worker who met the established standards of performance would earn the basic wage rate set by management. If the worker‘s output exceeded the set target, his wages would increase proportionately which would motivate worker to produce more and thus help the organization perform better. 2. Time-and-motion study: In ―Time-and-motion‖ study, jobs are broken down into various small tasks or motions and unnecessary motions are removed to find out the best way of doing a job. The objective of a time-and-motion analysis is to ascertain a simpler, easier and better way of performing a work or job.

Henry Laurence Gantt (1861-1919) has made several contributions to the field of management. He is best remembered for his work on the task-and-bonus system and the Gantt chart. Under Gantt‘s incentive plan, if the worker completed the work fast i.e in less than the standard time, he received a bonus. He also introduced an incentive plan for foremen, who would be paid a bonus for every worker who reached the daily standard. The Gantt Chart compares actual and planned performances

Henry Fayol (1841-1925). Fayol believed that scientific forecasting and proper methods of management, satisfactory results were inevitable. Fayol focused on the managerial activities and outlined 14 principles of management.

Elton Mayo (1880-1949) ―Father of the Human Relations Approach‖ conducted a study at Western Electrics Hawthorne plant to evaluate the attitudes and psychological reactions of workers in on-the-job situations by conducting various experiments like Relay assembly test room experiments, Interview phase, Bank wiring observation room experiment.